During the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), a Royal Proclamation was issued on March 9, 1891 pertaining to the construction of the first state railway line in Siam, from Bangkok to Nakhon Ratchasima in the Northeast. At the end of King Chulalongkorns' reign (1868 -1910) the total length of lines open to traffic amounted to 774 km.
Prior to that time, with the exception of the water-borne traffic along rivers and canals, the most efficient means of inland transportation in the country had been by animals such as oxen, buffaloes, horses, elephants with howdahs and bullock-carts.
At present, the State Railway of Thailand is the largest state enterprise of Thailand in terms of manpower with a total staff about 26,412 and now has a total route length of 4,041 km.